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High blood pressure is a condition characterized by the excessive pressure in your blood vessels (140/90 mmHg or higher). It is a frequent but can be a serious problem if not treated.
The high blood pressure patients might not notice any symptoms. You may find out only by getting your blood pressure checked.
Things that increase the risk of having high blood pressure include:Things that increase the risk of having high blood pressure include:
- Older age
- Genetics
- Being overweight or obese
- Not being physically active
- High-salt diet
- Drinking too much alcohol
Lifestyle modifications such as eating a healthy diet, giving up tobacco and being more active can reduce blood pressure. Some people may still get the drugs.
Systolic blood pressure is a two-number reading. The first (systolic) number corresponds to the pressure in blood vessels when the heart contracts or beats.
The second (diastolic) number specifies the pressure in the vessels during the period when the heart relaxes between beats.
Hypertension is accepted if, when it is measured on two separate days, the systolic pressure readings on both days are ≥140 mmHg and/or the diastolic pressure readings on both days are ≥90 mmHg.
Blood Pressure Categories
The five blood pressure ranges as recognized by the American Heart Association are:The five blood pressure ranges as recognized by the American Heart Association are:
Normal
One of the measures of a healthy blood pressure is a reading of less than 120/80 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury). If your results are in the same category, you should stick to heart-healthy habits such as a balanced diet and regular exercise.
Elevated
The systolic readings of 120-129 and diastolic readings less than 80 mm Hg are considered elevated blood pressure. Individuals with the elevated blood pressure are prone to having hypertension unless proper measures are taken to keep the condition under control.
Hypertension Stage 1
The first stage of hypertension is when blood pressure constantly falls between 130 and 139 systolic or 80 and 89 mm Hg diastolic. At this stage of high blood pressure, health care professionals will discuss the need for lifestyle modifications and, in some cases, the addition of blood pressure medication based on your risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) for example, heart attack or stroke.
Hypertension Stage 2
Hypertension Stage 2 is the one when blood pressure is equal or higher than 140/90 mm Hg. At this stage, the health care professionals are likely to prescribe a combination of blood pressure medications and lifestyle changes.
Hypertensive crisis
This stage of high blood pressure is a matter of health care that should be addressed. If your blood pressure readings all of a sudden reach 180/120 mm Hg or above, wait for 5 minutes and then test your blood pressure again. In case your readings are still way off, call your health care professional right away. Hypertensive crisis could be the reason for which you are experiencing.
If your blood pressure is more than 180/120 mm Hg or you are having symptoms of possible organ damage such as chest pain, shortness of breath, back pain, numbness/weakness, change in vision or difficulty speaking, do not try to wait and see if it comes down by itself.
Symptoms
- Headaches
- Shortness of breath
- Nosebleeds
Causes
Blood pressure is determined by two things: the amount of blood the heart pumps and the force with which the blood is moving through the arteries. With each beat, the heart is pumping more blood and the arteries are getting narrower, hence the blood pressure rises.
There are two main kinds of high blood pressure.
Primary hypertension, also called essential hypertension
However, in most cases, there is no apparent reason for the onset of high blood pressure in adults. This type of high blood pressure is called primary hypertension or essential hypertension. It has a tendency to develop slowly but in a rather long time. Plaque deposition in the arteries, atherosclerosis, leads to the emergence of the high blood pressure.
Secondary hypertension
This kind of hypertension is due to some other disease. It is manifested as a rapid development and more than the primary hypertension. Conditions and medicines that can lead to secondary hypertension include:Conditions and medicines that can lead to secondary hypertension include:
- Adrenal gland tumors
- Although congenital heart defects are the most common blood vessel problems present at birth, they are the leading cause of death worldwide.
- Cough and cold medications, some pain relievers, birth control pills, and other prescription drugs are among the drugs that are commonly used.
- Illegal drugs, like cocaine and amphetamines, are the main source of the problems.
- Kidney disease
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Thyroid problems
It happens so that only the examination itself may lead to the patient's blood pressure rise. This is named as the white coat hypertension.
How Do I Know If I Have High Blood Pressure?
There’s only one way to know if you have high blood pressure: Ask a doctor or any other health professional to measure it for you. Measuring your blood pressure is effortless and is not painful.
Have a chat with your healthcare provider about the routine use of home blood pressure monitoring, which is also known as self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) monitoring.
The term “silent killer” is used for high blood pressure because it has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people do not even know that they have it.
Keep Your Blood Pressure In Check
Hypertension is the most common risk factor for stroke and for heart disease among other things is the he fourth risk factor. High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the blood pressure in the arteries reaches "unexpected heights", forcing your heart muscle to work a lot harder than it needs to, to pump the blood through the blood vessels. Your blood pressure should be measured by your healthcare provider regularly.
How Your Blood Pressure And Circulatory System Work ?
In order to be in a good shape and to perform the necessary functions your tissues and organs need the oxygenated blood that your circulatory system delivers throughout the body.
The heart is a pump that creates pressure which in turn pushes blood through a system of tube-shaped blood vessels, which includes arteries, veins and capillaries.
This pressure — blood pressure — is the result of two forces: The first force (systolic pressure) is caused when blood is pushed out of the heart via the arteries into the circulatory system. The second force (systolic pressure) is created when the heart is at its rest between heartbeats. These two forces are each represented by numbers in the blood pressure reading.
How Blood Pressure Is Measured ?
High blood pressure which includes levels like mild, moderate and vehement one. The blood pressure is always higher at the time of the physical activity, for example, when you are exercising.
Here blood pressure refers to hypertension, which is a concern when it is elevated due to rest. The heart pumps the blood less effectively with the undue stress on the heart, and in the arteries there is additional stress on the walls.
Blood pressure readings are a combination of two readings which can be considered to be the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These are:
Ventricular – is the highest pressure against the arteries as the heart pumps. Systolic pressure is the blood pressure in the body during heart contraction. The normal systolic pressure is usually between 110 and 130mmHg.
The Diastolic Pressure - refers to the push exerted on the walls of arteries when the heart is not in the process of actively pumping blood to the rest of the body. The usual diastolic pressure is normally in the range of 70 to 80mmHg.
What Can I Do To Prevent Or Manage High Blood Pressure?
For many people with high blood pressure, lowering their blood pressure into the normal range or keeping their blood pressure in the normal range can be achieved through making lifestyle changes. Discuss with your health care team on
- One should at least get 150 minutes of physical activity each week (that is, 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week).
- Not smoking
- Consumption of a healthy diet, this includes limiting the intake of sodium (salt) and alcohol.
- Keeping a healthy weight
- Managing stress
Besides the fact that lifestyle changes are the first thing to do, some people with high blood pressure also need to take medicine to control their blood pressure.
If you suspect high blood pressure or if you’ve been told you have it but it is not under control, be sure to discuss it with your health care team the soonest possible time.
Through the process of lowering your blood pressure you help to defend yourself from heart disease and stroke which also is cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Antihypertensive Medications
In a majority of cases, the administration of antihypertensive drugs is the only way to reduce the high blood pressure level. Mainly the hypertensive medication is initiated at low dosages.
The dosage could be adjusted if necessary. If this is the case, the dosage can be gradually increased. There is second or third medication added in case the desired effect is not achieved and control the blood pressure. A small number of people have no negative effects.
Note that any drug treatment for hypertension must be followed up by your doctor from time to time. You ought to refrain from the reduction of the dose of the antihypertensive you take or from ceasing the treatment without discussing this with your doctor.
Medications don’t cure the condition and most of the people who need to take antihypertensive drugs will have to do it for the rest of their lives.
Prevention
Can I defend myself against high blood pressure?
Thankfully, there are steps you can take to avoid having high blood pressure or even in the event that you have it, minimize the effects of the condition. These include:
Stick to a balanced diet
It is critical to manage high blood pressure, or hypertension. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension is represented by the DASH diet in that it promotes an increase in intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Cut down on sodium
The way to avoid hypertension is to limit the intake of sodium in your diet. Yes, try to make sure that daily sodium intake does not exceed 1,500 milligrams.
Keep a healthy weight
It is really important that you highlight a balanced diet with keeping your weight at the level that's good for your health. Obesity is a major factor that leads to hypertension, so losing excess weight with diet and exercise will help you lower your blood pressure to a healthier level.
Keep active
Walking is a simple piece of exercise that can easily reduce your blood pressure and at the same time, weight.
Drink alcohol in moderation
One or two drinks a day may be fine (for women or people assigned female at birth), but more than that can raise the blood pressure. This increase is clearly witnessed in men drinking more than two drinks a day (for men or people assigned male at birth). One drink is two tablespoons of alcohol, five ounces of wine or 12 ounces of beer.
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